#include "cppdefs.h" MODULE tl_bulk_flux_mod #if (defined TANGENT || defined TL_IOMS) && defined BULK_FLUXES ! !svn $Id: tl_bulk_flux.F 927 2018-10-16 03:51:56Z arango $ !================================================== Hernan G. Arango === ! Copyright (c) 2002-2019 The ROMS/TOMS Group Andrew M. Moore ! ! Licensed under a MIT/X style license ! ! See License_ROMS.txt ! !======================================================================= ! ! ! This routine computes the bulk parameterization of surface wind ! ! stress and surface net heat fluxes. ! ! ! ! References: ! ! ! ! Fairall, C.W., E.F. Bradley, D.P. Rogers, J.B. Edson and G.S. ! ! Young, 1996: Bulk parameterization of air-sea fluxes for ! ! tropical ocean-global atmosphere Coupled-Ocean Atmosphere ! ! Response Experiment, JGR, 101, 3747-3764. ! ! ! ! Fairall, C.W., E.F. Bradley, J.S. Godfrey, G.A. Wick, J.B. ! ! Edson, and G.S. Young, 1996: Cool-skin and warm-layer ! ! effects on sea surface temperature, JGR, 101, 1295-1308. ! ! ! ! Liu, W.T., K.B. Katsaros, and J.A. Businger, 1979: Bulk ! ! parameterization of the air-sea exchange of heat and ! ! water vapor including the molecular constraints at ! ! the interface, J. Atmos. Sci, 36, 1722-1735. ! ! ! ! Adapted from COARE code written originally by David Rutgers and ! ! Frank Bradley. ! ! ! ! EMINUSP option for equivalent salt fluxes added by Paul Goodman ! ! (10/2004). ! ! ! ! Modified by Kate Hedstrom for COARE version 3.0 (03/2005). ! ! Modified by Jim Edson to correct specific hunidities. ! ! ! ! Reference: ! ! ! ! Fairall et al., 2003: J. Climate, 16, 571-591. ! ! ! !======================================================================= ! implicit none ! PRIVATE PUBLIC :: tl_bulk_flux, tl_bulk_psiu, tl_bulk_psit ! CONTAINS ! !*********************************************************************** SUBROUTINE tl_bulk_flux (ng, tile) !*********************************************************************** ! USE mod_param USE mod_forces USE mod_grid USE mod_mixing USE mod_ocean USE mod_stepping ! ! Imported variable declarations. ! integer, intent(in) :: ng, tile ! ! Local variable declarations. ! # include "tile.h" ! # ifdef PROFILE CALL wclock_on (ng, iTLM, 17, __LINE__, __FILE__) # endif CALL tl_bulk_flux_tile (ng, tile, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & IminS, ImaxS, JminS, JmaxS, & & nrhs(ng), & # ifdef MASKING & GRID(ng) % rmask, & & GRID(ng) % umask, & & GRID(ng) % vmask, & # endif # ifdef WET_DRY & GRID(ng) % rmask_wet, & & GRID(ng) % umask_wet, & & GRID(ng) % vmask_wet, & # endif & MIXING(ng) % alpha, & & MIXING(ng) % tl_alpha, & & MIXING(ng) % beta, & & MIXING(ng) % tl_beta, & & OCEAN(ng) % rho, & & OCEAN(ng) % tl_rho, & & OCEAN(ng) % t, & & OCEAN(ng) % tl_t, & & FORCES(ng) % Hair, & & FORCES(ng) % Pair, & & FORCES(ng) % Tair, & & FORCES(ng) % Uwind, & & FORCES(ng) % Vwind, & # ifdef CLOUDS & FORCES(ng) % cloud, & # endif # ifdef BBL_MODEL_NOT_YET & FORCES(ng) % Awave, & & FORCES(ng) % Pwave, & # endif & FORCES(ng) % rain, & & FORCES(ng) % lhflx, & & FORCES(ng) % tl_lhflx, & & FORCES(ng) % lrflx, & & FORCES(ng) % tl_lrflx, & & FORCES(ng) % shflx, & & FORCES(ng) % tl_shflx, & & FORCES(ng) % srflx, & & FORCES(ng) % stflx, & & FORCES(ng) % tl_stflx, & # ifdef EMINUSP & FORCES(ng) % evap, & & FORCES(ng) % tl_evap, & # endif & FORCES(ng) % sustr, & & FORCES(ng) % tl_sustr, & & FORCES(ng) % svstr, & & FORCES(ng) % tl_svstr) # ifdef PROFILE CALL wclock_off (ng, iTLM, 17, __LINE__, __FILE__) # endif RETURN END SUBROUTINE tl_bulk_flux ! !*********************************************************************** SUBROUTINE tl_bulk_flux_tile (ng, tile, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & IminS, ImaxS, JminS, JmaxS, & & nrhs, & # ifdef MASKING & rmask, umask, vmask, & # endif # ifdef WET_DRY & rmask_wet, umask_wet, vmask_wet, & # endif & alpha, tl_alpha, & & beta, tl_beta, & & rho, tl_rho, t, tl_t, & & Hair, Pair, Tair, & & Uwind, Vwind, & # ifdef CLOUDS & cloud, & # endif # ifdef BBL_MODEL_NOT_YET & Awave, Pwave, & # endif & rain, & & lhflx, tl_lhflx, & & lrflx, tl_lrflx, & & shflx, tl_shflx, & & srflx, & & stflx, tl_stflx, & # ifdef EMINUSP & evap, tl_evap, & # endif & sustr, tl_sustr, & & svstr, tl_svstr) !*********************************************************************** ! USE mod_param USE mod_scalars ! USE bulk_flux_mod, ONLY : bulk_psiu, bulk_psit USE exchange_2d_mod # ifdef DISTRIBUTE USE mp_exchange_mod, ONLY : mp_exchange2d # endif ! ! Imported variable declarations. ! integer, intent(in) :: ng, tile integer, intent(in) :: LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj integer, intent(in) :: IminS, ImaxS, JminS, JmaxS integer, intent(in) :: nrhs ! # ifdef ASSUMED_SHAPE # ifdef MASKING real(r8), intent(in) :: rmask(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(in) :: umask(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(in) :: vmask(LBi:,LBj:) # endif # ifdef WET_DRY real(r8), intent(in) :: rmask_wet(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(in) :: umask_wet(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(in) :: vmask_wet(LBi:,LBj:) # endif real(r8), intent(in) :: alpha(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(in) :: beta(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(in) :: rho(LBi:,LBj:,:) real(r8), intent(in) :: t(LBi:,LBj:,:,:,:) real(r8), intent(in) :: Hair(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(in) :: Pair(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(in) :: Tair(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(in) :: Uwind(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(in) :: Vwind(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(in) :: tl_alpha(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(in) :: tl_beta(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(in) :: tl_rho(LBi:,LBj:,:) real(r8), intent(in) :: tl_t(LBi:,LBj:,:,:,:) # ifdef CLOUDS real(r8), intent(in) :: cloud(LBi:,LBj:) # endif # ifdef BBL_MODEL_NOT_YET real(r8), intent(in) :: Awave(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(in) :: Pwave(LBi:,LBj:) # endif real(r8), intent(in) :: rain(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(inout) :: lhflx(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(inout) :: lrflx(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(inout) :: shflx(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(inout) :: srflx(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(inout) :: stflx(LBi:,LBj:,:) real(r8), intent(inout) :: tl_lhflx(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(inout) :: tl_lrflx(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(inout) :: tl_shflx(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(inout) :: tl_stflx(LBi:,LBj:,:) # ifdef EMINUSP real(r8), intent(out) :: evap(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(out) :: tl_evap(LBi:,LBj:) # endif real(r8), intent(out) :: sustr(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(out) :: svstr(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(out) :: tl_sustr(LBi:,LBj:) real(r8), intent(out) :: tl_svstr(LBi:,LBj:) # else # ifdef MASKING real(r8), intent(in) :: rmask(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(in) :: umask(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(in) :: vmask(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) # endif # ifdef WET_DRY real(r8), intent(in) :: rmask_wet(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(in) :: umask_wet(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(in) :: vmask_wet(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) # endif real(r8), intent(in) :: alpha(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(in) :: beta(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(in) :: rho(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj,N(ng)) real(r8), intent(in) :: t(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj,N(ng),3,NT(ng)) real(r8), intent(in) :: Hair(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(in) :: Pair(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(in) :: Tair(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(in) :: Uwind(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(in) :: Vwind(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(in) :: alpha(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(in) :: beta(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(in) :: rho(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj,N(ng)) real(r8), intent(in) :: t(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj,N(ng),3,NT(ng)) real(r8), intent(in) :: tl_alpha(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(in) :: tl_beta(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(in) :: tl_rho(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj,N(ng)) real(r8), intent(in) :: tl_t(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj,N(ng),3,NT(ng)) # ifdef CLOUDS real(r8), intent(in) :: cloud(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) # endif # ifdef BBL_MODEL_NOT_YET real(r8), intent(in) :: Awave(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(in) :: Pwave(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) # endif real(r8), intent(in) :: rain(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(inout) :: lhflx(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(inout) :: lrflx(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(inout) :: shflx(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(inout) :: srflx(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(inout) :: stflx(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj,NT(ng)) real(r8), intent(inout) :: tl_lhflx(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(inout) :: tl_lrflx(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(inout) :: tl_shflx(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(inout) :: tl_stflx(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj,NT(ng)) # ifdef EMINUSP real(r8), intent(out) :: evap(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(out) :: tl_evap(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) # endif real(r8), intent(out) :: sustr(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(out) :: svstr(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(out) :: tl_sustr(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) real(r8), intent(out) :: tl_svstr(LBi:UBi,LBj:UBj) # endif ! ! Local variable declarations. ! integer :: Iter, i, j, k integer, parameter :: IterMax = 3 real(r8), parameter :: eps = 1.0E-20_r8 real(r8), parameter :: r3 = 1.0_r8/3.0_r8 real(r8) :: Bf, Cd, Hl, Hlw, Hscale, Hs, Hsr, IER real(r8) :: tl_Bf, tl_Cd, tl_Hl, tl_Hlw, tl_Hsr, tl_Hs real(r8) :: PairM, RH, Taur real(r8) :: Wspeed, ZQoL, ZToL real(r8) :: cff, cff1, cff2, diffh, diffw, oL, upvel real(r8) :: twopi_inv, wet_bulb real(r8) :: tl_wet_bulb, tl_Wspeed, tl_upvel real(r8) :: fac, tl_fac, fac1, tl_fac1, fac2, tl_fac2 real(r8) :: fac3, tl_fac3, tl_cff, ad_upvel real(r8) :: adfac, adfac1, adfac2 # ifdef LONGWAVE real(r8) :: e_sat, vap_p # endif # ifdef COOL_SKIN real(r8) :: Clam, Fc, Hcool, Hsb, Hlb, Qbouy, Qcool, lambd real(r8) :: tl_Clam, tl_Hcool, tl_Hsb, tl_Hlb real(r8) :: tl_Qbouy, tl_Qcool, tl_lambd # endif real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: CC real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Cd10 real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Ch10 real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Ct10 real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: charn real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Ct real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Cwave real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Cwet real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: delQ real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: delQc real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: delT real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: delTc real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: delW real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: L real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: L10 real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Lwave real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Q real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Qair real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Qpsi real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Qsea real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Qstar real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: rhoAir real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: rhoSea real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Ri real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Ribcu real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Rr real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Scff real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: TairC real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: TairK real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Tcff real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Tpsi real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: TseaC real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: TseaK real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Tstar real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: u10 real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: VisAir real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Wgus real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Wmag real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Wpsi real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Wstar real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Zetu real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: Zo10 real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: ZoT10 real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: ZoL real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: ZoQ real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: ZoT real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: ZoW real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: ZWoL real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS,JminS:JmaxS) :: Hlv real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS,JminS:JmaxS) :: LHeat real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS,JminS:JmaxS) :: LRad real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS,JminS:JmaxS) :: SHeat real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS,JminS:JmaxS) :: SRad real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS,JminS:JmaxS) :: Taux real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS,JminS:JmaxS) :: Tauy real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_CC real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_charn real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_Ct real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_Cd10 real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_Ct10 real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_Cwet real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_delQ real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_delQc real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_delT real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_delTc real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_delW real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_L real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_L10 real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_Q real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_Qpsi real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_Qsea real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_Qstar real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_rhoSea real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_Ri real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_Rr real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_Scff real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_Tcff real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_Tpsi real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_TseaC real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_TseaK real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_Tstar real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_u10 real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_Wgus real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_Wpsi real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_Wstar real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_Zetu real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_Zo10 real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_ZoT10 real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_ZoL real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_ZoQ real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_ZoT real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_ZoW real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS) :: tl_ZWoL real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS,JminS:JmaxS) :: tl_Hlv real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS,JminS:JmaxS) :: tl_LHeat real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS,JminS:JmaxS) :: tl_LRad real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS,JminS:JmaxS) :: tl_SHeat real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS,JminS:JmaxS) :: tl_Taux real(r8), dimension(IminS:ImaxS,JminS:JmaxS) :: tl_Tauy # include "set_bounds.h" ! !======================================================================= ! Atmosphere-Ocean bulk fluxes parameterization. !======================================================================= ! Hscale=rho0*Cp twopi_inv=0.5_r8/pi DO j=Jstr-1,JendR DO i=Istr-1,IendR ! ! Input bulk parameterization fields. ! Wmag(i)=SQRT(Uwind(i,j)*Uwind(i,j)+Vwind(i,j)*Vwind(i,j)) PairM=Pair(i,j) TairC(i)=Tair(i,j) TairK(i)=TairC(i)+273.16_r8 TseaC(i)=t(i,j,N(ng),nrhs,itemp) tl_TseaC(i)=tl_t(i,j,N(ng),nrhs,itemp) TseaK(i)=TseaC(i)+273.16_r8 tl_TseaK(i)=tl_TseaC(i) rhoSea(i)=rho(i,j,N(ng))+1000.0_r8 tl_rhoSea(i)=tl_rho(i,j,N(ng)) RH=Hair(i,j) SRad(i,j)=srflx(i,j)*Hscale Tcff(i)=alpha(i,j) tl_Tcff(i)=tl_alpha(i,j) Scff(i)=beta(i,j) tl_Scff(i)=tl_beta(i,j) ! ! Initialize. ! delTc(i)=0.0_r8 tl_delTc(i)=0.0_r8 delQc(i)=0.0_r8 tl_delQc(i)=0.0_r8 LHeat(i,j)=lhflx(i,j)*Hscale tl_LHeat(i,j)=tl_lhflx(i,j)*Hscale SHeat(i,j)=shflx(i,j)*Hscale tl_SHeat(i,j)=tl_shflx(i,j)*Hscale Taur=0.0_r8 Taux(i,j)=0.0_r8 tl_Taux(i,j)=0.0_r8 Tauy(i,j)=0.0_r8 tl_Tauy(i,j)=0.0_r8 ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! Compute net longwave radiation (W/m2), LRad. !----------------------------------------------------------------------- # if defined LONGWAVE ! ! Use Berliand (1952) formula to calculate net longwave radiation. ! The equation for saturation vapor pressure is from Gill (Atmosphere- ! Ocean Dynamics, pp 606). Here the coefficient in the cloud term ! is assumed constant, but it is a function of latitude varying from ! 1.0 at poles to 0.5 at the Equator). ! cff=(0.7859_r8+0.03477_r8*TairC(i))/ & & (1.0_r8+0.00412_r8*TairC(i)) e_sat=10.0_r8**cff ! saturation vapor pressure (hPa or mbar) vap_p=e_sat*RH ! water vapor pressure (hPa or mbar) cff2=TairK(i)*TairK(i)*TairK(i) cff1=cff2*TairK(i) LRad(i,j)=-emmiss*StefBo* & & (cff1*(0.39_r8-0.05_r8*SQRT(vap_p))* & & (1.0_r8-0.6823_r8*cloud(i,j)*cloud(i,j))+ & & cff2*4.0_r8*(TseaK(i)-TairK(i))) tl_LRad(i,j)=-emmiss*StefBo*cff2*4.0_r8*tl_TseaK(i) # elif defined LONGWAVE_OUT ! ! Treat input longwave data as downwelling radiation only and add ! outgoing IR from model sea surface temperature. ! LRad(i,j)=lrflx(i,j)*Hscale- & & emmiss*StefBo*TseaK(i)*TseaK(i)*TseaK(i)*TseaK(i) tl_LRad(i,j)=tl_lrflx(i,j)*Hscale- & & 4.0_r8*emmiss*StefBo* & & tl_TseaK(i)*TseaK(i)*TseaK(i)*TseaK(i) # else LRad(i,j)=lrflx(i,j)*Hscale tl_LRad(i,j)=tl_lrflx(i,j)*Hscale # endif # ifdef MASKING LRad(i,j)=LRad(i,j)*rmask(i,j) tl_LRad(i,j)=tl_LRad(i,j)*rmask(i,j) # endif # ifdef WET_DRY LRad(i,j)=LRad(i,j)*rmask_wet(i,j) tl_LRad(i,j)=tl_LRad(i,j)*rmask_wet(i,j) # endif ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! Compute specific humidities (kg/kg). ! ! note that Qair(i) is the saturation specific humidity at Tair ! Q(i) is the actual specific humidity ! Qsea(i) is the saturation specific humidity at Tsea ! ! Saturation vapor pressure in mb is first computed and then ! converted to specific humidity in kg/kg ! ! The saturation vapor pressure is computed from Teten formula ! using the approach of Buck (1981): ! ! Esat(mb) = (1.0007_r8+3.46E-6_r8*PairM(mb))*6.1121_r8* ! EXP(17.502_r8*TairC(C)/(240.97_r8+TairC(C))) ! ! The ambient vapor is found from the definition of the ! Relative humidity: ! ! RH = W/Ws*100 ~ E/Esat*100 E = RH/100*Esat if RH is in % ! E = RH*Esat if RH fractional ! ! The specific humidity is then found using the relationship: ! ! Q = 0.622 E/(P + (0.622-1)e) ! ! Q(kg/kg) = 0.62197_r8*(E(mb)/(PairM(mb)-0.378_r8*E(mb))) ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! Compute air saturation vapor pressure (mb), using Teten formula. ! cff=(1.0007_r8+3.46E-6_r8*PairM)*6.1121_r8* & & EXP(17.502_r8*TairC(i)/(240.97_r8+TairC(i))) ! ! Compute specific humidity at Saturation, Qair (kg/kg). ! Qair(i)=0.62197_r8*(cff/(PairM-0.378_r8*cff)) ! ! Compute specific humidity, Q (kg/kg). ! IF (RH.lt.2.0_r8) THEN !RH fraction cff=cff*RH !Vapor pres (mb) Q(i)=0.62197_r8*(cff/(PairM-0.378_r8*cff)) !Spec hum (kg/kg) ELSE !RH input was actually specific humidity in g/kg Q(i)=RH/1000.0_r8 !Spec Hum (kg/kg) END IF ! ! Compute water saturation vapor pressure (mb), using Teten formula. ! fac=17.502_r8*TseaC(i)/(240.97_r8+TseaC(i)) tl_fac=17.502_r8*tl_TseaC(i)/(240.97_r8+TseaC(i))- & & tl_TseaC(i)*fac/(240.97_r8+TseaC(i)) !> cff=(1.0007_r8+3.46E-6_r8*PairM)*6.1121_r8*EXP(fac) cff=(1.0007_r8+3.46E-6_r8*PairM)*6.1121_r8* & & EXP(17.502_r8*TseaC(i)/(240.97_r8+TseaC(i))) tl_cff=tl_fac*cff ! ! Vapor Pressure reduced for salinity (Kraus & Businger, 1994, pp 42). ! cff=cff*0.98_r8 tl_cff=tl_cff*0.98_r8 ! ! Compute Qsea (kg/kg) from vapor pressure. ! Qsea(i)=0.62197_r8*(cff/(PairM-0.378_r8*cff)) tl_fac=0.62197_r8*(tl_cff/(PairM-0.378_r8*cff)) tl_Qsea(i)=tl_fac*(1.0_r8+0.378_r8*cff/((PairM-0.378_r8*cff))) ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! Compute Monin-Obukhov similarity parameters for wind (Wstar), ! heat (Tstar), and moisture (Qstar), Liu et al. (1979). !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! Moist air density (kg/m3). ! rhoAir(i)=PairM*100.0_r8/(blk_Rgas*TairK(i)* & & (1.0_r8+0.61_r8*Q(i))) ! ! Kinematic viscosity of dry air (m2/s), Andreas (1989). ! VisAir(i)=1.326E-5_r8* & & (1.0_r8+TairC(i)*(6.542E-3_r8+TairC(i)* & & (8.301E-6_r8-4.84E-9_r8*TairC(i)))) ! ! Compute latent heat of vaporization (J/kg) at sea surface, Hlv. ! Hlv(i,j)=(2.501_r8-0.00237_r8*TseaC(i))*1.0E+6_r8 tl_Hlv(i,j)=-0.00237_r8*tl_TseaC(i)*1.0E+6_r8 ! ! Assume that wind is measured relative to sea surface and include ! gustiness. ! Wgus(i)=0.5_r8 ! ! Note: tl_ZoW is zero at this point ! tl_Wgus(i)=0.0_r8 delW(i)=SQRT(Wmag(i)*Wmag(i)+Wgus(i)*Wgus(i)) tl_delW(i)=0.0_r8 delQ(i)=Qsea(i)-Q(i) tl_delQ(i)=tl_Qsea(i) delT(i)=TseaC(i)-TairC(i) tl_delT(i)=tl_TseaC(i) ! ! Neutral coefficients. ! ZoW(i)=0.0001_r8 tl_ZoW(i)=0.0_r8 u10(i)=delW(i)*LOG(10.0_r8/ZoW(i))/LOG(blk_ZW(ng)/ZoW(i)) ! ! Note tl_delW and tl_ZoW are zero at this point. ! tl_u10(i)=0.0_r8 Wstar(i)=0.035_r8*u10(i) tl_Wstar(i)=0.035_r8*tl_u10(i) Zo10(i)=0.011_r8*Wstar(i)*Wstar(i)/g+ & & 0.11_r8*VisAir(i)/Wstar(i) tl_Zo10(i)=0.022_r8*tl_Wstar(i)*Wstar(i)/g- & & tl_Wstar(i)*0.11_r8*VisAir(i)/(Wstar(i)*Wstar(i)) fac=LOG(10.0_r8/Zo10(i)) tl_fac=-tl_Zo10(i)/Zo10(i) !> Cd10(i)=(vonKar/fac)**2 Cd10(i)=(vonKar/LOG(10.0_r8/Zo10(i)))**2 tl_Cd10(i)=-2.0_r8*tl_fac*Cd10(i)/fac Ch10(i)=0.00115_r8 Ct10(i)=Ch10(i)/sqrt(Cd10(i)) tl_Ct10(i)=-0.5_r8*tl_Cd10(i)*Ct10(i)/Cd10(i) fac=vonKar/Ct10(i) tl_fac=-tl_Ct10(i)*fac/Ct10(i) !> ZoT10(i)=10.0_r8/EXP(fac) ZoT10(i)=10.0_r8/EXP(vonKar/Ct10(i)) tl_ZoT10(i)=-tl_fac*ZoT10(i) fac=LOG(blk_ZW(ng)/Zo10(i)) tl_fac=-tl_Zo10(i)/Zo10(i) !> Cd=(vonKar/fac)**2 Cd=(vonKar/LOG(blk_ZW(ng)/Zo10(i)))**2 tl_Cd=-2.0_r8*tl_fac*Cd/fac ! ! Compute Richardson number. ! fac=LOG(blk_ZT(ng)/ZoT10(i)) tl_fac=-tl_ZoT10(i)/ZoT10(i) !> Ct(i)=vonKar/fac ! T transfer coefficient Ct(i)=vonKar/LOG(blk_ZT(ng)/ZoT10(i)) ! T transfer coefficient tl_Ct(i)=-tl_fac*Ct(i)/fac ! T transfer coefficient CC(i)=vonKar*Ct(i)/Cd tl_CC(i)=vonKar*tl_Ct(i)/Cd-tl_Cd*CC(i)/Cd delTc(i)=0.0_r8 tl_delTc(i)=0.0_r8 # ifdef COOL_SKIN delTc(i)=blk_dter tl_delTc(i)=0.0_r8 # endif Ribcu(i)=-blk_ZW(ng)/(blk_Zabl*0.004_r8*blk_beta**3) fac=1.0/(TairK(i)*delW(i)*delW(i)) ! ! Note tl_delW is zero at this point. ! !> Ri(i)=-fac*g*blk_ZW(ng)*((delT(i)-delTc(i))+ & !> & 0.61_r8*TairK(i)*delQ(i)) !> Ri(i)=-g*blk_ZW(ng)*((delT(i)-delTc(i))+ & & 0.61_r8*TairK(i)*delQ(i))/ & & (TairK(i)*delW(i)*delW(i)) tl_Ri(i)=-fac*g*blk_ZW(ng)*((tl_delT(i)-tl_delTc(i))+ & & 0.61_r8*TairK(i)*tl_delQ(i)) IF (Ri(i).lt.0.0_r8) THEN Zetu(i)=CC(i)*Ri(i)/(1.0_r8+Ri(i)/Ribcu(i)) ! Unstable tl_Zetu(i)=(tl_CC(i)*Ri(i)+CC(i)*tl_Ri(i))/ & & (1.0_r8+Ri(i)/Ribcu(i))- & & (tl_Ri(i)/Ribcu(i))*Zetu(i)/(1.0_r8+Ri(i)/Ribcu(i)) ELSE fac=3.0_r8*Ri(i)/CC(i) tl_fac=3.0_r8*tl_Ri(i)/CC(i)-tl_CC(i)*fac/CC(i) !> Zetu(i)=CC(i)*Ri(i)/(1.0_r8+fac) ! Stable Zetu(i)=CC(i)*Ri(i)/(1.0_r8+3.0_r8*Ri(i)/CC(i)) ! Stable tl_Zetu(i)=(tl_CC(i)*Ri(i)+CC(i)*tl_Ri(i))/(1.0_r8+fac) & & -tl_fac*Zetu(i)/(1.0_r8+fac) END IF L10(i)=blk_ZW(ng)/Zetu(i) tl_L10(i)=-L10(i)*L10(i)*tl_Zetu(i)/blk_ZW(ng) ! ! First guesses for Monon-Obukhov similarity scales. ! fac1=blk_ZW(ng)/L10(i) tl_fac1=-tl_L10(i)*fac1/L10(i) fac2=LOG(blk_ZW(ng)/Zo10(i)) tl_fac2=-tl_Zo10(i)/Zo10(i) !> Wstar(i)=delW(i)*vonKar/(fac2-bulk_psiu(fac1,pi)) ! ! Note tl_delW is zero at this point. ! Wstar(i)=delW(i)*vonKar/(LOG(blk_ZW(ng)/Zo10(i))- & & bulk_psiu(blk_ZW(ng)/L10(i),pi)) tl_Wstar(i)=-(tl_fac2-tl_bulk_psiu(tl_fac1,fac1,pi))*Wstar(i) & & /(fac2-bulk_psiu(fac1,pi)) fac1=blk_ZT(ng)/L10(i) tl_fac1=-tl_L10(i)*fac1/L10(i) fac2=LOG(blk_ZT(ng)/ZoT10(i)) tl_fac2=-tl_ZoT10(i)/ZoT10(i) !> Tstar(i)=-(delT(i)-delTc(i))*vonKar/ & !> & (fac2-bulk_psit(fac1,pi)) Tstar(i)=-(delT(i)-delTc(i))*vonKar/ & & (LOG(blk_ZT(ng)/ZoT10(i))- & & bulk_psit(blk_ZT(ng)/L10(i),pi)) tl_Tstar(i)=-(tl_delT(i)-tl_delTc(i))*vonKar/ & & (fac2-bulk_psit(fac1,pi))- & & (tl_fac2-tl_bulk_psit(tl_fac1,fac1,pi))*Tstar(i)/ & & (fac2-bulk_psit(fac1,pi)) fac1=blk_ZQ(ng)/L10(i) tl_fac1=-tl_L10(i)*fac1/L10(i) fac2=LOG(blk_ZQ(ng)/ZoT10(i)) tl_fac2=-tl_ZoT10(i)/ZoT10(i) !> Qstar(i)=-(delQ(i)-delQc(i))*vonKar/ & !> & (fac2-bulk_psit(fac1,pi)) Qstar(i)=-(delQ(i)-delQc(i))*vonKar/ & & (LOG(blk_ZQ(ng)/ZoT10(i))- & & bulk_psit(blk_ZQ(ng)/L10(i),pi)) tl_Qstar(i)=-(tl_delQ(i)-tl_delQc(i))*vonKar/ & & (fac2-bulk_psit(fac1,pi))- & & (tl_fac2-tl_bulk_psit(tl_fac1,fac1,pi))*Qstar(i)/ & & (fac2-bulk_psit(fac1,pi)) ! ! Modify Charnock for high wind speeds. The 0.125 factor below is for ! 1.0/(18.0-10.0). ! IF (delW(i).gt.18.0_r8) THEN charn(i)=0.018_r8 tl_charn(i)=0.0_r8 ELSE IF ((10.0_r8.lt.delW(i)).and.(delW(i).le.18.0_r8)) THEN charn(i)=0.011_r8+ & & 0.125_r8*(0.018_r8-0.011_r8)*(delW(i)-10._r8) ! ! Note tl_delW is zero at this point. ! tl_charn(i)=0.0_r8 ELSE charn(i)=0.011_r8 tl_charn(i)=0.0_r8 END IF # ifdef BBL_MODEL_NOT_YET Cwave(i)=g*Pwave(i,j)*twopi_inv Lwave(i)=Cwave(i)*Pwave(i,j) # endif END DO ! ! Iterate until convergence. It usually converges within 3 iterations. ! DO Iter=1,IterMax DO i=Istr-1,IendR # ifdef BBL_MODEL_NOT_YET ! ! Use wave info if we have it, two different options. ! # ifdef WIND_WAVES ZoW(i)=(25._r8/pi)*Lwave(i)*(Wstar(i)/Cwave(i))**4.5+ & & 0.11_r8*VisAir(i)/(Wstar(i)+eps) tl_ZoW(i)=(25._r8/pi)*Lwave(i)*4.5_r8*tl_Wstar(i)* & & (Wstar(i)/Cwave(i))**3.5/Cwave(i)- & & tl_Wstar(i)*0.11_r8*VisAir(i)/ & & ((Wstar(i)+eps)*(Wstar(i)+eps)) # else ZoW(i)=1200._r8*Awave(i,j)*(Awave(i,j)/Lwave(i))**4.5+ & & 0.11_r8*VisAir(i)/(Wstar(i)+eps) tl_ZoW(i)=-tl_Wstar(i)*0.11_r8*VisAir(i)/ & & ((Wstar(i)+eps)*(Wstar(i)+eps)) # endif # else ZoW(i)=charn(i)*Wstar(i)*Wstar(i)/g+ & & 0.11_r8*VisAir(i)/(Wstar(i)+eps) tl_ZoW(i)=2.0_r8*charn(i)*tl_Wstar(i)*Wstar(i)/g- & & tl_Wstar(i)*0.11_r8*VisAir(i)/ & & ((Wstar(i)+eps)*(Wstar(i)+eps)) # endif Rr(i)=ZoW(i)*Wstar(i)/VisAir(i) tl_Rr(i)=(tl_ZoW(i)*Wstar(i)+ZoW(i)*tl_Wstar(i))/VisAir(i) ! ! Compute Monin-Obukhov stability parameter, Z/L. ! ZoQ(i)=MIN(1.15e-4_r8,5.5e-5_r8/Rr(i)**0.6) tl_ZoQ(i)= & & -(0.5_r8-SIGN(0.5_r8,5.5e-5_r8/Rr(i)**0.6-1.15e-4_r8)) & & *0.6_r8*5.5e-5_r8*tl_Rr(i)/Rr(i)**1.6 ZoT(i)=ZoQ(i) tl_ZoT(i)=tl_ZoQ(i) ZoL(i)=vonKar*g*blk_ZW(ng)* & & (Tstar(i)*(1.0_r8+0.61_r8*Q(i))+ & & 0.61_r8*TairK(i)*Qstar(i))/ & & (TairK(i)*Wstar(i)*Wstar(i)* & & (1.0_r8+0.61_r8*Q(i))+eps) tl_ZoL(i)=vonKar*g*blk_ZW(ng)* & & (tl_Tstar(i)*(1.0_r8+0.61_r8*Q(i))+ & & 0.61_r8*TairK(i)*tl_Qstar(i))/ & & (TairK(i)*Wstar(i)*Wstar(i)* & & (1.0_r8+0.61_r8*Q(i))+eps)- & & 2.0_r8*TairK(i)*tl_Wstar(i)*Wstar(i)* & & (1.0_r8+0.61_r8*Q(i))*ZoL(i)/ & & (TairK(i)*Wstar(i)*Wstar(i)* & & (1.0_r8+0.61_r8*Q(i))+eps) L(i)=blk_ZW(ng)/(ZoL(i)+eps) tl_L(i)=-tl_ZoL(i)*L(i)/(ZoL(i)+eps) ! ! Evaluate stability functions at Z/L. ! Wpsi(i)=bulk_psiu(ZoL(i),pi) tl_Wpsi(i)=tl_bulk_psiu(tl_ZoL(i),ZoL(i),pi) fac=blk_ZT(ng)/L(i) tl_fac=-tl_L(i)*fac/L(i) !> Tpsi(i)=bulk_psit(fac,pi) Tpsi(i)=bulk_psit(blk_ZT(ng)/L(i),pi) tl_Tpsi(i)=tl_bulk_psit(tl_fac,fac,pi) fac=blk_ZQ(ng)/L(i) tl_fac=-tl_L(i)*fac/L(i) !> Qpsi(i)=bulk_psit(fac,pi) Qpsi(i)=bulk_psit(blk_ZQ(ng)/L(i),pi) tl_Qpsi(i)=tl_bulk_psit(tl_fac,fac,pi) # ifdef COOL_SKIN Cwet(i)=0.622_r8*Hlv(i,j)*Qsea(i)/ & & (blk_Rgas*TseaK(i)*TseaK(i)) tl_Cwet(i)=0.622_r8*(tl_Hlv(i,j)*Qsea(i)+ & & Hlv(i,j)*tl_Qsea(i))/ & & (blk_Rgas*TseaK(i)*TseaK(i))- & & 2.0_r8*blk_Rgas*tl_TseaK(i)*TseaK(i)*Cwet(i)/ & & (blk_Rgas*TseaK(i)*TseaK(i)) delQc(i)=Cwet(i)*delTc(i) tl_delQc(i)=tl_Cwet(i)*delTc(i)+Cwet(i)*tl_delTc(i) # endif ! ! Compute wind scaling parameters, Wstar. ! fac1=blk_ZW(ng)/ZoW(i) tl_fac1=-tl_ZoW(i)*fac1/ZoW(i) fac2=LOG(fac1) tl_fac2=tl_fac1/fac1 fac3=delW(i)*vonKar/(fac2-Wpsi(i)) tl_fac3=tl_delW(i)*vonKar/(fac2-Wpsi(i))- & & (tl_fac2-tl_Wpsi(i))*fac3/(fac2-Wpsi(i)) !> Wstar(i)=MAX(eps,fac3) Wstar(i)=MAX(eps,delW(i)*vonKar/ & & (LOG(blk_ZW(ng)/ZoW(i))-Wpsi(i))) tl_Wstar(i)=(0.5_r8-SIGN(0.5_r8,eps-fac3))*tl_fac3 fac1=blk_ZT(ng)/ZoT(i) tl_fac1=-tl_ZoT(i)*fac1/ZoT(i) fac2=LOG(fac1) tl_fac2=tl_fac1/fac1 !> Tstar(i)=-(delT(i)-delTc(i))*vonKar/(fac2-Tpsi(i)) Tstar(i)=-(delT(i)-delTc(i))*vonKar/ & & (LOG(blk_ZT(ng)/ZoT(i))-Tpsi(i)) tl_Tstar(i)=-(tl_delT(i)-tl_delTc(i))*vonKar/(fac2-Tpsi(i))-& & (tl_fac2-tl_Tpsi(i))*Tstar(i)/(fac2-Tpsi(i)) fac1=blk_ZQ(ng)/ZoQ(i) tl_fac1=-tl_ZoQ(i)*fac1/ZoQ(i) fac2=LOG(fac1) tl_fac2=tl_fac1/fac1 !> Qstar(i)=-(delQ(i)-delQc(i))*vonKar/(fac2-Qpsi(i)) Qstar(i)=-(delQ(i)-delQc(i))*vonKar/ & & (LOG(blk_ZQ(ng)/ZoQ(i))-Qpsi(i)) tl_Qstar(i)=-(tl_delQ(i)-tl_delQc(i))*vonKar/(fac2-Qpsi(i))-& & (tl_fac2-tl_Qpsi(i))*Qstar(i)/(fac2-Qpsi(i)) ! ! Compute gustiness in wind speed. ! Bf=-g/TairK(i)* & & Wstar(i)*(Tstar(i)+0.61_r8*TairK(i)*Qstar(i)) tl_Bf=-g/TairK(i)*( & & tl_Wstar(i)*(Tstar(i)+0.61_r8*TairK(i)*Qstar(i))+ & & Wstar(i)*(tl_Tstar(i)+0.61_r8*TairK(i)*tl_Qstar(i)) ) IF (Bf.gt.0.0_r8) THEN Wgus(i)=blk_beta*(Bf*blk_Zabl)**r3 tl_Wgus(i)=r3*blk_beta*tl_Bf*blk_Zabl* & & (Bf*blk_Zabl)**(r3-1.0_r8) ELSE Wgus(i)=0.2_r8 tl_Wgus(i)=0.0_r8 END IF delW(i)=SQRT(Wmag(i)*Wmag(i)+Wgus(i)*Wgus(i)) IF (delW(i).ne.0.0_r8)THEN tl_delW(i)=tl_Wgus(i)*Wgus(i)/delW(i) ELSE tl_delW(i)=0.0_r8 END IF # ifdef COOL_SKIN ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! Cool Skin correction. !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! Cool skin correction constants. Clam: part of Saunders constant ! lambda; Cwet: slope of saturation vapor. ! Clam=16.0_r8*g*blk_Cpw*(rhoSea(i)*blk_visw)**3/ & & (blk_tcw*blk_tcw*rhoAir(i)*rhoAir(i)) tl_Clam=48.0_r8*g*blk_Cpw*tl_rhoSea(i)*blk_visw* & & (rhoSea(i)*blk_visw)**2/ & & (blk_tcw*blk_tcw*rhoAir(i)*rhoAir(i)) ! ! Set initial guesses for cool-skin layer thickness (Hcool). ! Hcool=0.001_r8 ! ! Backgound sensible and latent heat. ! Hsb=-rhoAir(i)*blk_Cpa*Wstar(i)*Tstar(i) tl_Hsb=-rhoAir(i)*blk_Cpa*(tl_Wstar(i)*Tstar(i)+ & & Wstar(i)*tl_Tstar(i)) Hlb=-rhoAir(i)*Hlv(i,j)*Wstar(i)*Qstar(i) tl_Hlb=-rhoAir(i)*(tl_Hlv(i,j)*Wstar(i)*Qstar(i)+ & & Hlv(i,j)*(tl_Wstar(i)*Qstar(i)+ & & Wstar(i)*tl_Qstar(i))) ! ! Mean absoption in cool-skin layer. ! Fc=0.065_r8+11.0_r8*Hcool- & & (1.0_r8-EXP(-Hcool*1250.0_r8))*6.6E-5_r8/Hcool ! ! Total cooling at the interface. ! Qcool=LRad(i,j)+Hsb+Hlb-SRad(i,j)*Fc tl_Qcool=tl_LRad(i,j)+tl_Hsb+tl_Hlb Qbouy=Tcff(i)*Qcool+Scff(i)*Hlb*blk_Cpw/Hlv(i,j) tl_Qbouy=tl_Tcff(i)*Qcool+Tcff(i)*tl_Qcool+ & & (tl_Scff(i)*Hlb*blk_Cpw+ & & Scff(i)*tl_Hlb*blk_Cpw)/Hlv(i,j)- & & tl_Hlv(i,j)*Scff(i)*Hlb*blk_Cpw/(Hlv(i,j)*Hlv(i,j)) ! ! Compute temperature and moisture change. ! IF ((Qcool.gt.0.0_r8).and.(Qbouy.gt.0.0_r8)) THEN fac1=(Wstar(i)+eps)**4 tl_fac1=4.0_r8*tl_Wstar(i)*(Wstar(i)+eps)**3 fac2=Clam*Qbouy tl_fac2=tl_Clam*Qbouy+Clam*tl_Qbouy fac3=(fac2/fac1)**0.75_r8 tl_fac3=0.75_r8*(fac2/fac1)**(0.75_r8-1.0_r8)* & & (tl_fac2/fac1-tl_fac1*fac2/(fac1*fac1)) !> lambd=6.0_r8/(1.0_r8+fac3)**r3 lambd=6.0_r8/ & & (1.0_r8+(Clam*Qbouy/(Wstar(i)+eps)**4)**0.75_r8)**r3 tl_lambd=-r3*6.0_r8*tl_fac3/(1.0_r8+fac3)**(r3+1.0_r8) fac1=SQRT(rhoAir(i)/rhoSea(i)) IF (fac1.ne.0.0_r8) THEN tl_fac1=-0.5_r8*tl_rhoSea(i)*fac1/rhoSea(i) ELSE tl_fac1=0.0_r8 END IF fac2=fac1*Wstar(i)+eps tl_fac2=tl_fac1*Wstar(i)+fac1*tl_Wstar(i) !> Hcool=lambd*blk_visw/fac2 Hcool=lambd*blk_visw/(SQRT(rhoAir(i)/rhoSea(i))* & & Wstar(i)+eps) tl_Hcool=tl_lambd*blk_visw/fac2-tl_fac2*Hcool/fac2 delTc(i)=Qcool*Hcool/blk_tcw tl_delTc(i)=(tl_Qcool*Hcool+Qcool*tl_Hcool)/blk_tcw ELSE delTc(i)=0.0_r8 tl_delTc(i)=0.0_r8 END IF delQc(i)=Cwet(i)*delTc(i) tl_delQc(i)=tl_Cwet(i)*delTc(i)+Cwet(i)*tl_delTc(i) # endif END DO END DO ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! Compute Atmosphere/Ocean fluxes. !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! DO i=Istr-1,IendR ! ! Compute transfer coefficients for momentum (Cd). ! Wspeed=SQRT(Wmag(i)*Wmag(i)+Wgus(i)*Wgus(i)) IF (Wspeed.ne.0.0_r8) THEN tl_Wspeed=tl_Wgus(i)*Wgus(i)/Wspeed ELSE tl_Wspeed=0.0_r8 END IF Cd=Wstar(i)*Wstar(i)/(Wspeed*Wspeed+eps) tl_Cd=2.0_r8*(tl_Wstar(i)*Wstar(i)/(Wspeed*Wspeed+eps) & & -tl_Wspeed*Wspeed*Cd/(Wspeed*Wspeed+eps)) ! ! Compute turbulent sensible heat flux (W/m2), Hs. ! Hs=-blk_Cpa*rhoAir(i)*Wstar(i)*Tstar(i) tl_Hs=-blk_Cpa*rhoAir(i)*(tl_Wstar(i)*Tstar(i)+ & & Wstar(i)*tl_Tstar(i)) ! ! Compute sensible heat flux (W/m2) due to rainfall (kg/m2/s), Hsr. ! diffw=2.11E-5_r8*(TairK(i)/273.16_r8)**1.94_r8 diffh=0.02411_r8*(1.0_r8+TairC(i)* & & (3.309E-3_r8-1.44E-6_r8*TairC(i)))/ & & (rhoAir(i)*blk_Cpa) cff=Qair(i)*Hlv(i,j)/(blk_Rgas*TairK(i)*TairK(i)) tl_cff=Qair(i)*tl_Hlv(i,j)/(blk_Rgas*TairK(i)*TairK(i)) fac=0.622_r8*(cff*Hlv(i,j)*diffw)/(blk_Cpa*diffh) tl_fac=0.622_r8*diffw*(tl_cff*Hlv(i,j)+cff*tl_Hlv(i,j))/ & & (blk_Cpa*diffh) !> wet_bulb=1.0_r8/(1.0_r8+fac) wet_bulb=1.0_r8/(1.0_r8+0.622_r8*(cff*Hlv(i,j)*diffw)/ & & (blk_Cpa*diffh)) tl_wet_bulb=-tl_fac*wet_bulb*wet_bulb Hsr=rain(i,j)*wet_bulb*blk_Cpw* & & ((TseaC(i)-TairC(i))+(Qsea(i)-Q(i))*Hlv(i,j)/blk_Cpa) tl_Hsr=Hsr*tl_wet_bulb/wet_bulb+ & & rain(i,j)*wet_bulb*blk_Cpw* & & (tl_TseaC(i)+tl_Qsea(i)*Hlv(i,j)/blk_Cpa+ & & (Qsea(i)-Q(i))*tl_Hlv(i,j)/blk_Cpa) SHeat(i,j)=(Hs+Hsr) tl_SHeat(i,j)=(tl_Hs+tl_Hsr) # ifdef MASKING SHeat(i,j)=SHeat(i,j)*rmask(i,j) tl_SHeat(i,j)=tl_SHeat(i,j)*rmask(i,j) # endif # ifdef WET_DRY SHeat(i,j)=SHeat(i,j)*rmask_wet(i,j) tl_SHeat(i,j)=tl_SHeat(i,j)*rmask_wet(i,j) # endif ! ! Compute turbulent latent heat flux (W/m2), Hl. ! Hl=-Hlv(i,j)*rhoAir(i)*Wstar(i)*Qstar(i) tl_Hl=-tl_Hlv(i,j)*rhoAir(i)*Wstar(i)*Qstar(i)- & & Hlv(i,j)*rhoAir(i)*(tl_Wstar(i)*Qstar(i)+ & & Wstar(i)*tl_Qstar(i) ) ! ! Compute Webb correction (Webb effect) to latent heat flux, Hlw. ! upvel=-1.61_r8*Wstar(i)*Qstar(i)- & & (1.0_r8+1.61_r8*Q(i))*Wstar(i)*Tstar(i)/TairK(i) tl_upvel=-1.61_r8* & & (tl_Wstar(i)*Qstar(i)+Wstar(i)*tl_Qstar(i))- & & (1.0_r8+1.61_r8*Q(i))*(tl_Wstar(i)*Tstar(i)+ & & Wstar(i)*tl_Tstar(i))/TairK(i) Hlw=rhoAir(i)*Hlv(i,j)*upvel*Q(i) tl_Hlw=rhoAir(i)*Q(i)*(tl_Hlv(i,j)*upvel+ & & Hlv(i,j)*tl_upvel) LHeat(i,j)=(Hl+Hlw) tl_LHeat(i,j)=(tl_Hl+tl_Hlw) # ifdef MASKING LHeat(i,j)=LHeat(i,j)*rmask(i,j) tl_LHeat(i,j)=tl_LHeat(i,j)*rmask(i,j) # endif # ifdef WET_DRY LHeat(i,j)=LHeat(i,j)*rmask_wet(i,j) tl_LHeat(i,j)=tl_LHeat(i,j)*rmask_wet(i,j) # endif ! ! Compute momentum flux (N/m2) due to rainfall (kg/m2/s). ! Taur=0.85_r8*rain(i,j)*Wmag(i) ! ! Compute wind stress components (N/m2), Tau. ! cff=rhoAir(i)*Cd*Wspeed tl_cff=rhoAir(i)*(tl_Cd*Wspeed+Cd*tl_Wspeed) Taux(i,j)=(cff*Uwind(i,j)+Taur*SIGN(1.0_r8,Uwind(i,j))) tl_Taux(i,j)=tl_cff*Uwind(i,j) # ifdef MASKING Taux(i,j)=Taux(i,j)*rmask(i,j) tl_Taux(i,j)=tl_Taux(i,j)*rmask(i,j) # endif # ifdef WET_DRY Taux(i,j)=Taux(i,j)*rmask_wet(i,j) tl_Taux(i,j)=tl_Taux(i,j)*rmask_wet(i,j) # endif Tauy(i,j)=(cff*Vwind(i,j)+Taur*SIGN(1.0_r8,Vwind(i,j))) tl_Tauy(i,j)=tl_cff*Vwind(i,j) # ifdef MASKING Tauy(i,j)=Tauy(i,j)*rmask(i,j) tl_Tauy(i,j)=tl_Tauy(i,j)*rmask(i,j) # endif # ifdef WET_DRY Tauy(i,j)=Tauy(i,j)*rmask_wet(i,j) tl_Tauy(i,j)=tl_Tauy(i,j)*rmask_wet(i,j) # endif END DO END DO ! !======================================================================= ! Compute surface net heat flux and surface wind stress. !======================================================================= ! ! Compute kinematic, surface, net heat flux (degC m/s). Notice that ! the signs of latent and sensible fluxes are reversed because fluxes ! calculated from the bulk formulations above are positive out of the ! ocean. ! ! For EMINUSP option, EVAP = LHeat (W/m2) / Hlv (J/kg) = kg/m2/s ! PREC = rain = kg/m2/s ! ! To convert these rates to m/s divide by freshwater density, rhow. ! ! Note that when the air is undersaturated in water vapor (Q < Qsea) ! the model will evaporate and LHeat > 0: ! ! LHeat positive out of the ocean ! evap positive out of the ocean ! ! Note that if evaporating, the salt flux is positive ! and if raining, the salt flux is negative ! ! Note that fresh water flux is positive out of the ocean and the ! salt flux (stflx(isalt)) is positive into the ocean. It is converted ! to (psu m/s) for stflx(isalt) in "set_vbc.F". The E-P value is ! saved in variable EminusP for I/O purposes. ! Hscale=1.0_r8/(rho0*Cp) cff=1.0_r8/rhow DO j=JstrR,JendR DO i=IstrR,IendR lrflx(i,j)=LRad(i,j)*Hscale tl_lrflx(i,j)=tl_LRad(i,j)*Hscale lhflx(i,j)=-LHeat(i,j)*Hscale tl_lhflx(i,j)=-tl_LHeat(i,j)*Hscale shflx(i,j)=-SHeat(i,j)*Hscale tl_shflx(i,j)=-tl_SHeat(i,j)*Hscale stflx(i,j,itemp)=(srflx(i,j)+lrflx(i,j)+ & & lhflx(i,j)+shflx(i,j)) tl_stflx(i,j,itemp)=(tl_lrflx(i,j)+ & & tl_lhflx(i,j)+tl_shflx(i,j)) # ifdef MASKING stflx(i,j,itemp)=stflx(i,j,itemp)*rmask(i,j) tl_stflx(i,j,itemp)=tl_stflx(i,j,itemp)*rmask(i,j) # endif # ifdef WET_DRY stflx(i,j,itemp)=stflx(i,j,itemp)*rmask_wet(i,j) tl_stflx(i,j,itemp)=tl_stflx(i,j,itemp)*rmask_wet(i,j) # endif # ifdef EMINUSP evap(i,j)=LHeat(i,j)/Hlv(i,j) tl_evap(i,j)=tl_LHeat(i,j)/Hlv(i,j)- & & tl_Hlv(i,j)*evap(i,j)/Hlv(i,j) stflx(i,j,isalt)=cff*(evap(i,j)-rain(i,j)) tl_stflx(i,j,isalt)=cff*tl_evap(i,j) # ifdef MASKING evap(i,j)=evap(i,j)*rmask(i,j) tl_evap(i,j)=tl_evap(i,j)*rmask(i,j) stflx(i,j,isalt)=stflx(i,j,isalt)*rmask(i,j) tl_stflx(i,j,isalt)=tl_stflx(i,j,isalt)*rmask(i,j) # endif # ifdef WET_DRY evap(i,j)=evap(i,j)*rmask_wet(i,j) tl_evap(i,j)=tl_evap(i,j)*rmask_wet(i,j) stflx(i,j,isalt)=stflx(i,j,isalt)*rmask_wet(i,j) tl_stflx(i,j,isalt)=tl_stflx(i,j,isalt)*rmask_wet(i,j) # endif # endif END DO END DO ! ! Compute kinematic, surface wind stress (m2/s2). ! cff=0.5_r8/rho0 DO j=JstrR,JendR DO i=Istr,IendR sustr(i,j)=cff*(Taux(i-1,j)+Taux(i,j)) tl_sustr(i,j)=cff*(tl_Taux(i-1,j)+tl_Taux(i,j)) # ifdef MASKING sustr(i,j)=sustr(i,j)*umask(i,j) tl_sustr(i,j)=tl_sustr(i,j)*umask(i,j) # endif # ifdef WET_DRY sustr(i,j)=sustr(i,j)*umask_wet(i,j) tl_sustr(i,j)=tl_sustr(i,j)*umask_wet(i,j) # endif END DO END DO DO j=Jstr,JendR DO i=IstrR,IendR svstr(i,j)=cff*(Tauy(i,j-1)+Tauy(i,j)) tl_svstr(i,j)=cff*(tl_Tauy(i,j-1)+tl_Tauy(i,j)) # ifdef MASKING svstr(i,j)=svstr(i,j)*vmask(i,j) tl_svstr(i,j)=tl_svstr(i,j)*vmask(i,j) # endif # ifdef WET_DRY svstr(i,j)=svstr(i,j)*vmask_wet(i,j) tl_svstr(i,j)=tl_svstr(i,j)*vmask_wet(i,j) # endif END DO END DO ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! Exchange boundary data. !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! IF (EWperiodic(ng).or.NSperiodic(ng)) THEN CALL exchange_r2d_tile (ng, tile, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & lrflx) CALL exchange_r2d_tile (ng, tile, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & tl_lrflx) CALL exchange_r2d_tile (ng, tile, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & lhflx) CALL exchange_r2d_tile (ng, tile, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & tl_lhflx) CALL exchange_r2d_tile (ng, tile, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & shflx) CALL exchange_r2d_tile (ng, tile, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & tl_shflx) CALL exchange_r2d_tile (ng, tile, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & stflx(:,:,itemp)) CALL exchange_r2d_tile (ng, tile, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & tl_stflx(:,:,itemp)) # ifdef EMINUSP CALL exchange_r2d_tile (ng, tile, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & stflx(:,:,isalt)) CALL exchange_r2d_tile (ng, tile, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & evap) CALL exchange_r2d_tile (ng, tile, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & tl_stflx(:,:,isalt)) CALL exchange_r2d_tile (ng, tile, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & tl_evap) # endif CALL exchange_u2d_tile (ng, tile, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & sustr) CALL exchange_v2d_tile (ng, tile, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & svstr) CALL exchange_u2d_tile (ng, tile, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & tl_sustr) CALL exchange_v2d_tile (ng, tile, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & tl_svstr) END IF # ifdef DISTRIBUTE CALL mp_exchange2d (ng, tile, iTLM, 4, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & NghostPoints, & & EWperiodic(ng), NSperiodic(ng), & & lrflx, lhflx, shflx, & & stflx(:,:,itemp)) CALL mp_exchange2d (ng, tile, iTLM, 4, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & NghostPoints, & & EWperiodic(ng), NSperiodic(ng), & & tl_lrflx, tl_lhflx, tl_shflx, & & tl_stflx(:,:,itemp)) # ifdef EMINUSP CALL mp_exchange2d (ng, tile, iTLM, 2, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & NghostPoints, & & EWperiodic(ng), NSperiodic(ng), & & evap, & & stflx(:,:,isalt)) CALL mp_exchange2d (ng, tile, iTLM, 2, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & NghostPoints, & & EWperiodic(ng), NSperiodic(ng), & & tl_evap, & & tl_stflx(:,:,isalt)) # endif CALL mp_exchange2d (ng, tile, iTLM, 2, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & NghostPoints, & & EWperiodic(ng), NSperiodic(ng), & & sustr, svstr) CALL mp_exchange2d (ng, tile, iTLM, 2, & & LBi, UBi, LBj, UBj, & & NghostPoints, & & EWperiodic(ng), NSperiodic(ng), & & tl_sustr, tl_svstr) # endif RETURN END SUBROUTINE tl_bulk_flux_tile FUNCTION tl_bulk_psiu (tl_ZoL, ZoL, pi) ! !======================================================================= ! ! ! This function evaluates the stability function for wind speed ! ! by matching Kansas and free convection forms. The convective ! ! form follows Fairall et al. (1996) with profile constants from ! ! Grachev et al. (2000) BLM. The stable form is from Beljaars ! ! and Holtslag (1991). ! ! ! !======================================================================= ! USE mod_kinds ! ! Function result ! real(r8) :: tl_bulk_psiu ! ! Imported variable declarations. ! real(r8), intent(in) :: tl_ZoL, ZoL real(dp), intent(in) :: pi ! ! Local variable declarations. ! real(r8), parameter :: r3 = 1.0_r8/3.0_r8 real(r8) :: Fw, cff, psic, psik, x, y, fac real(r8) :: tl_Fw, tl_cff, tl_psic, tl_psik, tl_x, tl_y, tl_fac ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! Compute stability function, PSI. !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! Unstable conditions. ! IF (ZoL.lt.0.0_r8) THEN x=(1.0_r8-15.0_r8*ZoL)**0.25_r8 tl_x=-0.25_r8*15.0_r8*tl_ZoL/((1.0_r8-15.0_r8*ZoL)**0.75_r8) psik=2.0_r8*LOG(0.5_r8*(1.0_r8+x))+ & & LOG(0.5_r8*(1.0_r8+x*x))- & & 2.0_r8*ATAN(x)+0.5_r8*pi tl_psik=tl_x/(0.5_r8*(1.0_r8+x))+ & & tl_x*x/(0.5_r8*(1.0_r8+x*x))- & & 2.0_r8*tl_x/(1.0_r8+x*x) ! & 2.0_r8*tl_x/SQRT(1.0_r8+x*x) ! ! For very unstable conditions, use free-convection (Fairall). ! cff=SQRT(3.0_r8) y=(1.0_r8-10.15_r8*ZoL)**r3 tl_y=-r3*10.15_r8*tl_ZoL*(1.0_r8-10.15_r8*ZoL)**(r3-1.0_r8) fac=(1.0_r8+2.0_r8*y)/cff tl_fac=2.0_r8*tl_y/cff psic=1.5_r8*LOG(r3*(1.0_r8+y+y*y))- & & cff*ATAN(fac)+pi/cff tl_psic=tl_y*(1.0_r8+2.0_r8*y)*1.5_r8/(1.0_r8+y+y*y)- & & cff*tl_fac/(1.0_r8+fac*fac) ! & cff*tl_fac/SQRT(1.0_r8+fac*fac) ! ! Match Kansas and free-convection forms with weighting Fw. ! cff=ZoL*ZoL tl_cff=2.0_r8*tl_ZoL*ZoL Fw=cff/(1.0_r8+cff) tl_Fw=tl_cff/(1.0_r8+cff)-tl_cff*Fw*Fw/cff tl_bulk_psiu=(1.0_r8-Fw)*tl_psik-tl_Fw*psik & & +tl_Fw*psic+Fw*tl_psic ! ! Stable conditions. ! ELSE cff=MIN(50.0_r8,0.35_r8*ZoL) tl_cff=(0.5_r8-SIGN(0.5_r8,0.35_r8*ZoL-50.0))*0.35_r8*tl_ZoL fac=EXP(cff) tl_fac=tl_cff*fac tl_bulk_psiu=-(tl_ZoL+0.6667_r8*tl_ZoL/fac- & & tl_fac*0.6667_r8*(ZoL-14.28_r8)/(fac*fac)) END IF RETURN END FUNCTION tl_bulk_psiu FUNCTION tl_bulk_psit (tl_ZoL, ZoL, pi) ! !======================================================================= ! ! ! This function evaluates the stability function for moisture and ! ! heat by matching Kansas and free convection forms. The convective ! ! form follows Fairall et al. (1996) with profile constants from ! ! Grachev et al. (2000) BLM. The stable form is from Beljaars and ! ! and Holtslag (1991). ! ! !======================================================================= ! ! ! USE mod_kinds ! ! Function result ! real(r8) :: tl_bulk_psit ! ! Imported variable declarations. ! real(r8), intent(in) :: tl_ZoL, ZoL real(dp), intent(in) :: pi ! ! Local variable declarations. ! real(r8), parameter :: r3 = 1.0_r8/3.0_r8 real(r8) :: Fw, cff, psic, psik, x, y, fac real(r8) :: tl_Fw, tl_cff, tl_psic, tl_psik, tl_x, tl_y, tl_fac ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! Compute stability function, PSI. !----------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ! Unstable conditions. ! IF (ZoL.lt.0.0_r8) THEN x=(1.0_r8-15.0_r8*ZoL)**0.5_r8 IF (x.ne.0.0) THEN tl_x=-0.5_r8*15.0_r8*tl_ZoL/x ELSE tl_x=0.0_r8 END IF psik=2.0_r8*LOG(0.5_r8*(1.0_r8+x)) tl_psik=tl_x/(0.5_r8*(1.0_r8+x)) ! ! For very unstable conditions, use free-convection (Fairall). ! cff=SQRT(3.0_r8) y=(1.0_r8-34.15_r8*ZoL)**r3 tl_y=-r3*34.15_r8*tl_ZoL*(1.0_r8-34.15_r8*ZoL)**(r3-1.0_r8) fac=(1.0_r8+2.0_r8*y)/cff tl_fac=2.0_r8*tl_y/cff psic=1.5_r8*LOG(r3*(1.0_r8+y+y*y))- & & cff*ATAN(fac)+pi/cff tl_psic=tl_y*(1.0_r8+2.0_r8*y)*1.5_r8/(1.0_r8+y+y*y)- & & cff*tl_fac/(1.0_r8+fac*fac) ! tl_psic=tl_y*(1.0_r8+2.0_r8*y)*1.5_r8/(1.0_r8+y+y*y)- & ! & cff*tl_fac/SQRT(1.0_r8+fac*fac) ! ! Match Kansas and free-convection forms with weighting Fw. ! cff=ZoL*ZoL tl_cff=2.0_r8*tl_ZoL*ZoL Fw=cff/(1.0_r8+cff) tl_Fw=tl_cff/(1.0_r8+cff)-tl_cff*Fw*Fw/cff tl_bulk_psit=(1.0_r8-Fw)*tl_psik-tl_Fw*psik & & +tl_Fw*psic+Fw*tl_psic ! ! Stable conditions. ! ELSE cff=MIN(50.0_r8,0.35_r8*ZoL) tl_cff=(0.5_r8-SIGN(0.5_r8,0.35_r8*ZoL-50.0_r8))*0.35_r8*tl_ZoL fac=EXP(cff) tl_fac=tl_cff*fac tl_bulk_psit=-(3.0_r8*tl_ZoL*(1.0_r8+2.0_r8*ZoL)**0.5_r8+ & & 0.6667_r8*tl_ZoL/fac- & & tl_fac*0.6667_r8*(ZoL-14.28_r8)/(fac*fac)) END IF RETURN END FUNCTION tl_bulk_psit #endif END MODULE tl_bulk_flux_mod